This special Section of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOBIOSCIENCE comprises 7 papers that are extended versions of accepted papers selected from the 8th International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engineering (IEEE-NANOMED 2014). IEEE-NANOMED 2014 received 105 paper submissions, and every paper went through a highly rigorous review process. Originally launched in 2006, IEEE-NANOMED has grown to be one of the most important international conferences in nanomedicine and nano/molecular engineering, bringing together world class engineers, physicians, and scientists from all over the world and every sector of academy and industry and enabling the exchange of the latest advances in basic and clinical research in the field of nano/molecular medicine and engineering