Surgical navigation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The success of the procedure depends heavily on the accurate placement of the electrode within the optimal therapeutic targets while avoiding vital structures that can cause adverse outcomes. Interventional guidance with medical imaging has greatly contributed to the development, outcomes, and safety of the procedure. With rapid technological advancements, it will further enhance the capacity and efficacy of the procedure. We present a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art techniques in image-guided DBS surgery to treat PD, and discuss about the future directions on the topic. read more