An electrically small half-wavelength resonant circular-shaped triple band annular ring based strip antenna for an intraocular unit has been successfully designed in flat and conformal form for retinal prosthesis application. The designed antenna operates with linear polarization at two different frequencies of 2.45 GHz (ISM) and 3.32 GHz (WiMAX), whereas right-hand circular polarization is at 1.25 GHz (WMTS). The performance validation for the reported single-layer antenna is carried out by simulating the antenna structure using a detailed multilayer canonical and anatomical (Zubal phantom) eye model, which renders a good and satisfactory performance. The other performance metrics, such as axial ratio, average SAR, radiation pattern, and gain, have also been analyzed for the proposed antenna’s flat and conformal form. The average SAR study over different tissue layers of the human eye has also been performed, conforming to the 1g and 10g tissue standards. The low ASAR values confirm the authenticity of the proposed antenna to be used in both flat and conformal forms at different locations inside an eyeball. Finally, the antenna is fabricated, and its performance metrics are verified by comparing them with the simulation.
Design of Electrically Small Intraocular Antenna for Retinal Prosthesis System and Its Validation
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